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Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

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Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

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An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

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Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

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Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

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According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).

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Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

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Bis(benzimidazol-1-yl)methane dihydrate.

Yuping Fang¹, Shouwen Jin, Bingxia Chen

¹Tianmu College of ZheJiang A&F University, Lin'An 311300, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|November 18, 2011

Summary

This study details the crystal structure of bis-(benzimidazol-1-yl)methane dihydrate. It reveals a complex 3D network formed through hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions between molecules and water.

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Area of Science:

Crystal Engineering
Supramolecular Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Bis-(benzimidazol-1-yl)methane is a molecule with potential applications in materials science.
Understanding the solid-state structure is crucial for predicting and controlling material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of bis-(benzimidazol-1-yl)methane dihydrate.
To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing the self-assembly of the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed.
Hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions were analyzed to understand the crystal packing.

Main Results:

The title compound crystallizes as a dihydrate (C(15)H(12)N(4)·2H(2)O) with a trans conformation.
A 3D ABAB layered network structure is formed through a combination of O-H⋯N, C-H⋯O, O-H⋯O, and π-π interactions.
Water molecules play a significant role in mediating interactions and forming the extended network.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure reveals a sophisticated supramolecular architecture driven by multiple weak interactions.
The identified network structure provides insights into the self-assembly behavior of bis-(benzimidazol-1-yl)methane and its hydrates.