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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Anaphylaxis in Turkish children: a multi-centre, retrospective, case study.

F Orhan¹, Y Canitez, A Bakirtas

¹Department of Pediatric Allergy, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey. fazilorhan@yahoo.com

Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|November 19, 2011

Summary

Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, occurred more often in boys and was frequently caused by food. Despite epinephrine being the primary treatment, it was underutilized in Turkish children.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Published on: September 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Clinical Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Anaphylaxis is a critical, potentially fatal systemic allergic reaction impacting multiple organ systems.
Understanding anaphylaxis in pediatric populations is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the demographic profiles, clinical presentations, triggers, settings, and treatments of anaphylaxis in Turkish children.
To identify key areas for improving anaphylaxis care in a pediatric cohort.

Main Methods:

A retrospective case note study analyzed 224 anaphylaxis cases in 137 children over a 10-year period (1999-2009).
Data collected included patient demographics, reaction symptoms, causative agents, and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

Anaphylaxis was more prevalent in boys (88 boys) and commonly occurred at home (43.8%).
Foods (38.4%) and hymenoptera venom (37.5%) were the leading causes. Cutaneous and respiratory symptoms were most frequent.
Epinephrine, the recommended first-line treatment, was administered in only 32.3% of cases, despite antihistamines and corticosteroids being more common.

Conclusions:

Anaphylaxis in Turkish children predominantly affects boys, often occurs at home, and is frequently triggered by foods.
There is a significant gap in the administration of epinephrine, the essential first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, highlighting a critical need for improved clinical practice and patient education.