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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Cancer vaccines.

Christopher V Chambers1

  • 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 401, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Christopher.Chambers@jefferson.edu

Primary Care
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer vaccines include prophylactic types that prevent viral infections leading to cancer, like the hepatitis B vaccine. Therapeutic vaccines, used alongside other treatments, train the immune system to target existing cancer cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Cancer vaccines are broadly categorized into two main types.
  • Prophylactic vaccines prevent viral infections known to cause cancer.
  • Therapeutic vaccines are a newer approach for patients already diagnosed with cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines.
  • To explain the mechanisms of action for both vaccine types.
  • To highlight the role of therapeutic vaccines as adjunctive cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer vaccines.
  • Categorization based on vaccine function (prevention vs. treatment).
  • Description of immune system stimulation by therapeutic vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Prophylactic vaccines, such as hepatitis B and human papillomavirus vaccines, prevent virus-induced cancers.
  • Therapeutic vaccines activate the host immune system against established cancer cells.
  • Therapeutic vaccines are primarily investigated as combination therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer vaccines offer distinct strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
  • Prophylactic vaccines target causative viral agents.
  • Therapeutic vaccines harness the immune system to combat existing malignancies.