Conscience, clinical ethics, and emergency contraception

Emergency contraception (EC) is a generic term used to describe a group of hormonal methods taken within the first few days after unprotected sexual intercourse to prevent an unintended pregnancy. EC is safe and effective in preventing pregnancy. Plan B or the generic levonorgestrel is available over-the-counter for women 17 years and older. A prescription is still required for women younger than 17 years of age. Even with its safety, effectiveness, and ease of accessibility for older adolescents and women, EC remains morally controversial. This article reviews the development of EC, presents data on the prevalence of conscientious objection, discusses how the change in status from prescription drug to over-the-counter medication has changed the debate, and makes recommendations for dealing with the controversies.