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Related Concept Videos

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Isomerism02:43

Isomerism

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Isomers can be further classified into constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers differ in the connectivity of their constituent atoms. For example, 2-butanol and diethyl ether are constitutional isomers, as they have the same chemical formula, C4H10O, but differ in the connectivity of the carbon and oxygen atoms. Constitutional isomers have different physical and chemical...
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

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Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
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16+ spin-gap isomer in 96Cd.

B S Nara Singh1, Z Liu, R Wadsworth

  • 1Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a high-spin isomer in Cadmium-96 (Cd-96) with a half-life of 0.29 seconds. This discovery confirms the existence of the predicted 16+ "spin-gap" isomer and sheds light on nuclear structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Nuclear Spectroscopy
  • Isotope Research

Background:

  • High-spin isomers provide crucial insights into nuclear structure and stability.
  • The N=Z=50 nuclear shell closures are regions of significant interest for nuclear models.
  • Previous theoretical predictions suggested the existence of a 16+ isomer in Cadmium-96.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally establish and characterize a high-spin isomer in Cadmium-96 (Cd-96).
  • To investigate the nuclear structure and decay properties of the identified isomer.
  • To compare experimental findings with theoretical predictions from nuclear shell-model calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Production of Cadmium-96 nuclei via fragmentation of a Xenon-124 beam on a Beryllium-9 target.
  • Stopped beam rare isotope spectroscopic investigations using the RISING experiment at GSI.
  • Analysis of gamma decays in the daughter nucleus, Silver-96 (Ag-96), and half-life measurements.

Main Results:

  • Established a β-decaying high-spin isomer in Cd-96 with a half-life of 0.29 seconds.
  • Identified the isomer as the predicted 16+
  • spin-gap
  • state based on its half-life and decay characteristics.
  • Shell-model calculations indicate the importance of the isoscalar component of the neutron-proton interaction for isomer formation.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental results confirm the existence of the long-predicted 16+ isomer in Cadmium-96.
  • The study highlights the essential role of the isoscalar neutron-proton interaction in understanding the origin of this isomer.
  • Large-scale shell-model calculations provide a framework for studying core excitations and Gamow-Teller strength distributions in this region.