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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
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Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Updated: May 27, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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Published on: June 13, 2021

Pituitary disorders during pregnancy.

Soriaya Motivala1, Yakov Gologorsky, Jane Kostandinov

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, NY 10029, USA.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy involves significant pituitary gland changes. Pituitary disorders require multidisciplinary care involving endocrinologists, obstetricians, and neurosurgeons to reduce risks for mother and fetus.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • The pituitary gland exhibits considerable anatomic and physiologic variability during pregnancy.
  • Pituitary diseases can impact patients before conception and throughout gestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of managing pituitary disease in pregnant patients.
  • To emphasize the need for a comprehensive care approach.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pituitary gland physiology during pregnancy.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes in pregnant patients with pituitary disorders.
  • Discussion of multidisciplinary management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Pituitary disorders pose significant risks, potentially leading to substantial maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
  • Effective management necessitates collaboration among specialists.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary approach involving endocrinologists, obstetricians, and neurosurgeons is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Timely and expert intervention can mitigate the risks associated with pituitary disease during pregnancy.