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Updated: May 27, 2026

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery
Published on: June 23, 2023
Management of acute postoperative pain after oral surgery
Mark C Fletcher1, Joseph F Spera
1markcfletcher@att.net
Abstract:
This article provides a brief review of the acute pain mechanism as it relates to the effects of a surgical insult. A brief understanding of the physiologic modulation of acute pain establishes a rational framework for the concept of preemptive and postoperative analgesia. A brief review of commonly used analgesic agents is presented. Research in pain management and new drug development is ongoing as new concepts in neurophysiology and pharmacology are being elucidated.
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