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Occlusion Management in Facial Trauma: A Literature Review
Neeraj Panchal1, Kristie Cheng1, Dylan Crann1
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Dental Clinics of North America
|June 11, 2026
Summary
Facial trauma can cause malocclusion, impacting speech, breathing, and chewing. This review covers surgical techniques like orthognathic surgery and fixation to fix bite problems and improve function after injury.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Trauma Management
- Dental Science
Background:
- Post-traumatic malocclusion is a common complication of facial injuries.
- It leads to significant functional deficits, affecting speech, breathing, mastication, and oral health.
- Inadequate management exacerbates these adverse outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on the consequences of untreated post-traumatic malocclusion.
- To describe surgical and postoperative management strategies for restoring occlusion after facial trauma.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing existing evidence.
- Analysis of surgical techniques including maxillomandibular fixation, open reduction and internal fixation, occlusal splinting, and orthognathic surgery.
- Evaluation of postoperative care protocols.
Main Results:
- Facial trauma frequently results in malocclusion with diverse functional impairments.
- Various surgical interventions are available, each with specific indications.
- Postoperative care, including elastic guidance and physiotherapy, is crucial for recovery.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of post-traumatic malocclusion is essential to restore function.
- A combination of surgical techniques and supportive postoperative care optimizes outcomes.
- Further research may refine treatment protocols for complex cases.
