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Mandibular distraction. An experimental study on sheep.

T Karaharju-Suvanto1, E O Karaharju, R Ranta

  • 1Dept. of Orthodontics and Paedodontics, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery
|August 1, 1990
PubMed
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This study tested a new external fixation frame for gradual mandibular distraction in sheep. The method successfully lengthened the mandible, showing bone healing within 25 days without bone grafting.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Surgery
  • Orthodontics
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Mandibular hypoplasia presents significant challenges in reconstructive surgery.
  • Current methods often require autogenous bone grafting, which has limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a novel external fixation device for gradual mandibular lengthening in growing sheep.
  • To assess the bone healing process and stability following distraction osteogenesis of the mandible.

Main Methods:

  • A transverse osteotomy was performed on the mandibular ramus of 17 growing sheep.
  • Gradual distraction (approx. 1 mm/day) was applied using a newly developed external fixation frame.
  • Radiological analysis was used to assess bone formation and healing of the osteotomy sites.

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Main Results:

  • The external fixation frame provided good stability during the distraction process.
  • Successful lengthening of the mandibular ramus was achieved in all subjects.
  • Radiological assessment confirmed complete healing of distracted osteotomies within 25 days, with evidence of new bone formation.

Conclusions:

  • Gradual mandibular lengthening using this external fixation device is a viable technique in growing animals.
  • The method facilitates bone regeneration in the distraction gap, potentially avoiding the need for bone grafts.
  • This approach shows promise for treating mandibular deficiencies without additional bone transplantation.