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Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial precursors...
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...

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Updated: May 27, 2026

Two-Step Tag-Free Isolation of Mitochondria for Improved Protein Discovery and Quantification
09:04

Two-Step Tag-Free Isolation of Mitochondria for Improved Protein Discovery and Quantification

Published on: June 2, 2023

MitoMiner: a data warehouse for mitochondrial proteomics data.

Anthony C Smith1, James A Blackshaw, Alan J Robinson

  • 1Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MitoMiner is a data warehouse for mitochondrial proteomics. It integrates diverse data, aiding research into mitochondrial function and diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology
  • Proteomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial proteomics data is crucial for understanding cellular functions and diseases.
  • Existing data is often fragmented across various sources, hindering comprehensive analysis.
  • MitoMiner aims to consolidate and integrate this data for easier access and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present MitoMiner, a centralized data warehouse for mitochondrial proteomics.
  • To facilitate the analysis of mitochondrial proteomes across different species and conditions.
  • To support research into mitochondrial dysfunction and associated diseases.

Main Methods:

  • MitoMiner is built using the open-source InterMine data warehouse system.
  • It integrates data from mass spectrometry and green fluorescent protein tagging studies.
  • Data is further enriched with information from UniProt, Gene Ontology, OMIM, HomoloGene, KEGG, and PubMed.

Main Results:

  • The latest release includes proteomics data from 46 studies across 11 species.
  • MitoMiner provides reference sets of proteins with strong evidence for mitochondrial localization.
  • The system allows users to upload data, store queries, and analyze results.

Conclusions:

  • MitoMiner serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying mitochondrial proteomes.
  • It enables characterization of proteome variability and investigation of disease mechanisms.
  • The platform supports research into mitochondrial dysfunction in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging.