The inverted periosteal flap: a source of stem cells enhancing bone regeneration

The periosteum is a necessary component for bone growth, healing, and remodeling. It provides vascularity, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. It is a regenerative source for stem cells similar to those obtained from bone marrow aspiration. This article describes the inverted periosteal flap technique at an oral bone graft site as a means of enhancing bone regeneration. The technique is recommended when augmenting sites with 3- or 4-wall defects, in conjunction with implant placement or in combination with bone graft surgery.