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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

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Compressive force applied to a manikin's head during mask ventilation.

Jeroen J van Vonderen1, Ted A Kleijn, Kim Schilleman

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
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PubMed
Summary

Healthcare professionals exert significant force on newborn manikins during mask ventilation. Attempts to fix mask leaks did not increase this force, indicating consistent application regardless of leak correction efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal resuscitation
  • Pediatric critical care

Background:

  • Mask ventilation is a critical component of neonatal resuscitation.
  • Understanding the forces applied during mask ventilation is essential for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the compressive force on a manikin's head during mask ventilation.
  • To determine if this force changes when attempting to correct mask leaks.

Main Methods:

  • 24 participants performed positive pressure ventilation on a manikin using a self-inflating bag (SIB) and a Neopuff T-piece device.
  • Force applied to the head was measured using a load cell before and after participants were prompted to correct mask leaks.
  • Airway pressure and flow were monitored.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in head force was observed between devices or before/after leak correction attempts.
  • Substantial variation in applied force was noted across participants and attempts.
  • No correlation was found between mask leak and changes in applied force.

Conclusions:

  • Significant forces are applied to the head during manikin mask ventilation with both SIB and Neopuff devices.
  • The attempt to minimize mask leak did not lead to an increase in applied head force.