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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation
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Cycling exercise with functional electrical stimulation improves postural control in stroke patients.

Hsin-Chang Lo1, Yung-Chun Hsu, Ya-Hsin Hsueh

  • 1Department of Product Design, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan.

Gait & Posture
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted cycling improved postural control and reduced muscle tone in stroke patients. FES cycling was more effective for those with higher muscle tone.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurorehabilitation
  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Stroke survivors often experience impaired postural control and increased muscle tone (spasticity).
  • Traditional rehabilitation methods may not fully address these motor deficits.
  • Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a technique that can activate muscles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of short-term FES-assisted cycling training on postural control in stroke patients.
  • To determine if FES enhances the benefits of cycling training for stroke patients.
  • To assess the impact of FES cycling on muscle tone and spasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty stroke patients were randomized into two groups: FES-cycling (FES-CG) and cycling (CG).
  • Training sessions lasted 20 minutes.
  • Measurements included balance tests, Hoffmann's reflex/motor response ratio (H/M ratio), and pendulum tests before and after training.

Main Results:

  • Both FES-CG and CG groups showed improvements in postural control and reduced muscle tone.
  • Significant intervention effects were observed in balance test parameters between groups.
  • The FES-CG group demonstrated greater improvements in H/M ratios and relaxation index compared to the CG group.
  • FES cycling showed enhanced benefits for stroke patients with higher initial muscle tone.

Conclusions:

  • Cycling training, with or without FES, can improve postural control and reduce spasticity in stroke patients.
  • FES-assisted cycling is a potentially effective adjunct therapy, particularly for individuals with higher muscle tone.
  • Short-term FES cycling offers a promising approach to enhance motor recovery post-stroke.