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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile

Published on: September 20, 2024

Insertion slanting strabismus surgical procedures.

Burton J Kushner¹

¹Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 2870 University Ave, Ste 206, Madison, WI 53705, USA. bkushner@wisc.edu

Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)

|December 14, 2011

Summary

Slanting muscles during strabismus surgery may not improve outcomes. The primary surgical approach, recession or resection, likely drives success in treating eye alignment conditions.

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Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

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Published on: July 8, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Strabismus Surgery
Oculomotor Mechanics

Background:

Insertion slanting recessions and biased resections are surgical techniques used for A- and V-pattern strabismus, convergence insufficiency, and convergence excess esotropia.
Contradictory surgical methods, such as the Simonsz/von Graefe and Bietti techniques for V-pattern esotropia, have yielded reported successes.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of insertion slanting techniques in strabismus surgery.
To determine the primary factors influencing surgical outcomes in strabismus correction.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on insertion slanting recessions and biased resections.
Analysis of the biomechanical principles and reported outcomes of different strabismus surgical techniques.

Main Results:

The effectiveness of slanting techniques (Simonsz/von Graefe and Bietti methods) is questionable.
Sarcomere remodeling is likely to rapidly counteract the effects of muscle slanting.
The fundamental recession or resection procedure is the most probable determinant of surgical success.

Conclusions:

Insertion slanting of muscles likely offers minimal contribution to the final outcome of strabismus surgery.
Recession or resection of eye muscles is the key factor in achieving successful strabismus correction.