Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Hall Effect

The Hall Effect

Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.

Electric Field of Parallel Conducting Plates

Electric Field of Parallel Conducting Plates

Gauss' law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed by that surface. Gauss's law can be applied to find the electric field and the charge enclosed in a region depending on its charge distribution.
Consider a cross-section of a thin, infinite conducting plate having a positive charge. For such a large thin plate, as the thickness of the plate tends to zero, the positive charges lie on the plate's two large faces. Without an external electric field, the...

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
Suppose a piece of metal is placed near a positive charge. The free electrons in the metal are attracted to the external positive charge and migrate freely toward that region. This region then has...

The de Broglie Wavelength

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ultrathin, Stretchable, and 3D-Printable Complementary Nanotubes-Polymer Composites for Multimodal Radiation Shielding in Extreme Environments.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Characteristic patterns of complement deposition in NMOSD, MOGAD, and MS.

Acta neuropathologica·2026

Same author

Lithographically Controlled Liquid Metal Diffusion in Graphene: Fabrication and Magnetotransport Signatures of Superconductivity.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025

Same author

Boosting the Emission of Momentum Indirect Interlayer Excitons by an Optical Near Field in Misaligned 2D Heterostructures.

Nano letters·2025

Same author

Unveiling Thermoelectric Properties of SURMOF Nanofilms: A New Frontier in Molecular Thermoelectrics.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025

Same author

Charge transfer between van der Waals coupled metallic 2D layers.

Nanoscale·2025

Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Quantum Hall effect in twisted bilayer graphene.

Dong Su Lee¹, Christian Riedl, Thomas Beringer

¹Max-Planck-Institut für Festköperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|December 21, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Twisted bilayer graphene shows topologically protected quantum Hall behavior, similar to Bernal bilayers. An anomaly reveals localized states due to interlayer coupling variations.

More Related Videos

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Quantum Mechanics

Background:

Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) exhibits unique electronic properties due to interlayer coupling.
Quantum Hall effect (QHE) in 2D materials is crucial for understanding topological phases.
Bernal bilayer graphene serves as a reference for QHE studies.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the quantum Hall behavior of twisted bilayer graphene transferred from SiC.
Determine if topological protection of the zero-energy mode persists despite rotational disorder.
Characterize an observed anomaly in the Hall conductivity plateaus.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of twisted bilayer graphene on SiC.
Measurement of Hall conductivity under varying magnetic fields.
Analysis of plateau positions and Landau level degeneracies.

Main Results:

Observed Hall conductivity plateaus match those of commensurate Bernal bilayer graphene.
Eightfold degeneracy of the zero-energy mode is topologically protected, even with rotational disorder.
A magnetic field-dependent offset in plateau densities indicates a pool of low-energy localized states.

Conclusions:

The study confirms topological protection in twisted bilayer graphene, consistent with theoretical predictions.
Localized states arising from inhomogeneous interlayer coupling affect Landau level degeneracy.
This work provides insights into the electronic properties and topological nature of twisted bilayer graphene.