Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of Initial Electron Localization on Electron Solvation Dynamics in Liquid Water.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

High-throughput in situ single particle X-ray imaging of dehydrating viral capsids.

Light, science & applications·2026
Same author

Single-Particle X-ray Scattering Reveals a High Local Supersaturation of Precursors as the Origin of CoO Assembly Formation.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Statistical crystallography reveals an allosteric network in SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup>.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

3D atomic structure determination with ultrashort-pulse MeV electron diffraction.

IUCrJ·2026
Same author

PEO-sheathed liquid jets increase sample delivery stability for serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
10:32

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

Published on: April 23, 2021

Multiwavelength anomalous diffraction at high x-ray intensity.

Sang-Kil Son1, Henry N Chapman, Robin Santra

  • 1Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany. sangkil.son@cfel.de

Physical Review Letters
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new method for multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) phasing in high-intensity X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) experiments. It addresses radiation damage challenges, enabling ab initio structural determination of nanocrystals.

More Related Videos

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
10:32

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

Published on: April 23, 2021

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Structural Biology
  • X-ray Physics

Background:

  • The multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) method is crucial for phase determination in X-ray crystallography, utilizing anomalous scattering from heavy atoms.
  • X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) offer potential for single-molecule or nanocrystal structure determination, but the phase problem persists.
  • Severe electronic radiation damage to heavy atoms in XFELs impedes direct MAD implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a generalized MAD phasing method applicable to high X-ray intensity conditions.
  • To overcome the limitations posed by radiation damage in XFEL crystallography.
  • To enable *ab initio* structural determination using femtosecond X-ray nanocrystallography.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a generalized MAD phasing approach for high-intensity X-ray regimes.
  • Demonstration of a Karle-Hendrickson-type equation in the high-intensity regime.
  • Calculation of relevant coefficients considering detailed electronic damage dynamics of heavy atoms.

Main Results:

  • Established the feasibility of MAD phasing under high X-ray intensity.
  • Quantified the impact of electronic radiation damage on heavy atoms in XFELs.
  • Provided a theoretical framework for advanced phasing in XFEL nanocrystallography.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed generalized MAD method offers a viable solution for the phase problem in XFEL crystallography.
  • This approach facilitates *ab initio* structural determination from femtosecond X-ray diffraction data.
  • Advances in XFEL structural biology are enabled by overcoming radiation damage limitations.