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Related Concept Videos

Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
The Debye–Hückel Theory of Electrolyte Solutions01:27

The Debye–Hückel Theory of Electrolyte Solutions

The Debye–Hückel theory, established by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel in 1923, is a fundamental concept in physical chemistry. It provides an understanding of the behavior of strong electrolytes in solution, particularly explaining their deviations from ideal behavior.The theory is based on Coulombic interactions (the attraction or repulsion between charged particles) between ions in solution. In an ionic solution, oppositely charged ions tend to attract each other. This means that cations...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Electrolyte stability determines scaling limits for solid-state 3D Li ion batteries.

Dmitry Ruzmetov1, Vladimir P Oleshko, Paul M Haney

  • 1Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.

Nano Letters
|December 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrathin solid-state electrolytes in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) can cause rapid self-discharge due to electronic conduction. Increasing electrolyte thickness improves battery stability for microelectronic applications.

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
07:20

Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Miniature, autonomous microsystems require rechargeable, all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) LIB architectures are explored to maximize areal energy density.
  • Ultrathin, conformal electrolyte layers are crucial for isolating electrodes while enabling ion transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of ultrathin electrolyte thickness on the self-discharge behavior of solid-state LIBs.
  • To understand the failure mechanisms in nanoscale LIBs with reduced electrolyte dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of individual, solid-state nanowire core-multishell LIBs (NWLIBs).
  • In-situ cycling of NWLIBs within a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
  • Analysis of electrical characteristics and failure modes at varying electrolyte thicknesses.

Main Results:

  • Nanobatteries with ≈110 nm electrolyte thickness exhibited rapid self-discharge and electrode/electrolyte interface breakdown.
  • Increasing electrolyte thickness to 180 nm significantly reduced self-discharge rates, maintaining >2V for over 2 hours.
  • Space-charge limited electronic conduction was identified as the mechanism causing battery shorting at nanoscale dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Electrolyte thickness is a critical scaling parameter for nanoscale solid-state LIBs.
  • High electric fields in ultrathin electrolytes can induce electronic conduction, leading to self-discharge.
  • Findings provide guidelines for designing stable 3D LIBs by optimizing electrolyte thickness.