Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Production Efficiency

Production Efficiency

Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).

Trophic Efficiency

Trophic Efficiency

Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.

Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines

Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines

The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
However, in reality, no machine can be truly ideal, and all of them experience some...

The Quotient Rule

The Quotient Rule

The quotient rule is a fundamental differentiation technique in calculus used to differentiate functions expressed as a ratio of two differentiable functions. Given a function of the form:Where g(x) and h(x) are both differentiable and h(x) ≠ 0, the derivative of f(x) is given by:Example:The quotient rule is beneficial when differentiating rational functions, trigonometric ratios, and exponential functions. For example, given:applying the quotient rule,This rule is essential in solving problems...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The public health impacts of a fat tax.

European journal of clinical nutrition·2011

Same author

Integrating drivers influencing the detection of plant pests carried in the international cut flower trade.

Journal of environmental management·2007

Same author

A nursing model for orthopaedics.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·1991

Same author

Advertisement claims.

The Veterinary record·1989

Same author

Role of the CNS. Prime time for development.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·1989

Same journal

Invited review: Manufacturing Whey Protein Colloidal Particles via Liquid Antisolvent Precipitation Method: Particle Formation Mechanism and Ingredient Functionality Aspects.

Journal of dairy science·2026

Same journal

Colostrum programs early t lymphocyte-mediated immunity in neonatal dairy calves: effects of deprivation and preservation method on passive transfer and antigen-specific responses.

Journal of dairy science·2026

Same journal

Functional Characterization and Application of Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria from Chinese Kefir for Improved Fermented Milk Quality.

Journal of dairy science·2026

Same journal

Distinct contributions of the Agr and LuxS quorum-sensing systems to stress tolerance, biofilm formation, and persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy-processing environments.

Journal of dairy science·2026

Same journal

Integrating automated body condition scores and lactation data via optimization algorithms for maximized milk revenue and minimized cost of delayed conception in dairy cows.

Journal of dairy science·2026

Same journal

Assessing genotype by feed interactions for milk production traits in dairy cattle.

Journal of dairy science·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

An Efficient Single-Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice

An Efficient Single-Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice

Published on: March 28, 2025

Farm technical efficiency under a tradable milk quota system.

F J Areal¹, R Tiffin, K Balcombe

¹Agricultural and Food Economics Department, The University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. f.j.areal@reading.ac.uk

Journal of Dairy Science

|December 24, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study links milk quota market use to dairy farm efficiency in England and Wales. Farmers’ strategies in the milk quota market significantly impact technical efficiency, with environmental payments potentially increasing inefficiency.

More Related Videos

The Use of an Automated System (GreenFeed) to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

The Use of an Automated System (GreenFeed) to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

Published on: September 7, 2015

How to Create Conditioned Taste Aversion for Grazing Ground Covers in Woody Crops with Small Ruminants

How to Create Conditioned Taste Aversion for Grazing Ground Covers in Woody Crops with Small Ruminants

Published on: April 30, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

An Efficient Single-Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice

An Efficient Single-Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice

Published on: March 28, 2025

The Use of an Automated System (GreenFeed) to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

The Use of an Automated System (GreenFeed) to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

Published on: September 7, 2015

How to Create Conditioned Taste Aversion for Grazing Ground Covers in Woody Crops with Small Ruminants

How to Create Conditioned Taste Aversion for Grazing Ground Covers in Woody Crops with Small Ruminants

Published on: April 30, 2016

Area of Science:

Agricultural Economics
Farm Management
Efficiency Analysis

Background:

The milk quota system significantly influences dairy farm operations.
Understanding the economic implications of milk quota trade is crucial for farm viability.
Technical efficiency is a key performance indicator for dairy farms.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the technical efficiency of dairy farms in England and Wales.
To investigate the relationship between milk quota market utilization and farm technical efficiency.
To identify factors contributing to technical inefficiency in dairy farming.

Main Methods:

Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis was employed.
The study incorporated milk quota trade into the efficiency model.
Explanatory variables for inefficiency were statistically analyzed.

Main Results:

Farmers' strategies in the milk quota market are demonstrably linked to their technical efficiency.
The utilization of the milk quota market influences farm-level efficiency outcomes.
Receipt of environmental payments was found to be associated with increased technical inefficiency.

Conclusions:

Milk quota market participation is a significant determinant of dairy farm technical efficiency.
Farm management decisions regarding milk quota trade have measurable economic consequences.
Environmental payment schemes may require adjustments to avoid unintended negative impacts on farm efficiency.