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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays
18:11

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Published on: October 1, 2007

Microchip for sustained drug delivery by diffusion through microchannels.

Seung Ho Lee1, Min Park, Chun Gwon Park

  • 1Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.

AAPS Pharmscitech
|January 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New microchips enable sustained drug delivery using controlled diffusion through microchannels. Varying channel length precisely regulates release duration for prolonged therapeutic effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Sustained drug delivery is crucial for maintaining therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.
  • Existing methods often face challenges in precise control over release kinetics.
  • Microfabrication offers a platform for developing novel drug delivery devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate microchips for sustained drug release.
  • To investigate the effect of microchannel dimensions on drug release profiles.
  • To develop a multi-channel microchip for extended and continuous drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) microchips with integrated microwells and microchannels.
  • Loading microwells with fluorescein as a model drug.
  • Utilizing poly(ethylene glycol) as a diffusion barrier within microchannels.
  • Systematic variation of microchannel lengths (1, 4, and 8 mm) to study release kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Microchips demonstrated a delayed onset followed by sustained drug release.
  • Increased microchannel length (1-8 mm) proportionally extended release onset (0.5-7 days) and duration (11-28 days).
  • A multi-channel design (1, 4, 8 mm) achieved continuous release for up to 35 days.

Conclusions:

  • Microchip design with tunable microchannel lengths enables controlled and sustained drug release.
  • Multi-channel configurations offer a strategy for achieving prolonged and continuous therapeutic agent delivery.
  • Future work will focus on developing biodegradable microchip materials for enhanced biocompatibility.