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High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
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High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

HIV latency.

Robert F Siliciano1, Warner C Greene

  • 1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. rsiliciano@jhmi.edu

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|January 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) establishes latent infections in resting CD4(+) T cells, forming a reservoir that persists despite antiretroviral therapy. Understanding HIV-1 latency mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to eliminate the virus.

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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) establishes latent infections within T cells.
  • Latent HIV-1 reservoirs persist in resting memory CD4(+) T cells, posing a significant barrier to viral eradication.
  • These reservoirs are established when activated CD4(+) T cells become infected and revert to a resting state, rendering viral gene expression nonpermissive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms underlying HIV-1 latency.
  • To explain the persistence of HIV-1 despite antiretroviral therapy.
  • To inform the development of strategies aimed at eliminating the latent HIV-1 reservoir.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on HIV-1 latency.
  • It discusses molecular mechanisms including transcription factor absence, epigenetic modifications, and transcriptional interference.
  • Analysis focuses on the role of host factors and viral proteins like Tat.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 latency involves multiple molecular factors, including the lack of nuclear transcription factors (NFκB, NFAT) and Tat in resting CD4(+) T cells.
  • Epigenetic changes and transcriptional interference further contribute to the silencing of viral gene expression.
  • Latent reservoirs explain persistent low-level viremia in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusions:

  • The latent HIV-1 reservoir is a complex, multi-faceted entity.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to developing therapeutic interventions.
  • Current research explores viral reactivation strategies to target and eliminate the latent reservoir.