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The Interaction between Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Screening, and Clinical Management
Vijay Viswanathan1, Reshma Mirshad2
1M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600013, India drvijay@mvdiabetes.com.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|June 29, 2026
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increase each other's risk. Managing these co-occurring diseases is a critical global health challenge requiring integrated approaches.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of death globally, despite being preventable and curable.
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions worldwide.
- A significant link exists between TB and DM, increasing TB risk by 1.9 times in diabetic individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the significant link between TB and DM.
- To discuss the increased susceptibility to infections in co-occurring TB-DM.
- To outline WHO recommendations for TB screening in DM patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on TB-DM co-occurrence.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on TB and DM prevalence.
- Examination of clinical and radiological findings in TB patients with DM.
Main Results:
- Co-occurrence of DM with TB compromises both innate and adaptive immune responses.
- TB presents with severe clinical indicators and atypical radiological findings in patients with DM.
- WHO guidelines recommend TB screening for DM individuals in high-prevalence settings.
Conclusions:
- The co-occurrence of TB and DM presents a substantial global health challenge.
- Integrated management strategies are crucial for addressing TB-DM.
- Further research is needed to optimize care for individuals with both conditions.
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