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Updated: May 25, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
Published on: July 29, 2011
Characterization of typical and atypical atrial flutter loops from the vectorcardiogram
F Castells1, O Meste, A Quesada
1ITACA Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain. fcastells@eln.upv.es
Abstract:
Current techniques for atrial flutter (AFL) treatment involve radiofrequency ablation. This is a relatively simple and short procedure for typical AFL, whereas becomes more complex and unpredictable in the case of atypical AFL. Therefore, non-invasive characterization of AFL would be helpful for the management of ablation procedures. In this study the behavior of typical and atypical AFL groups is characterized from the vectorcardiographic AFL loops. The initial hypothesis is that typical AFL loops resemble each other, whereas atypical AFL loops differ from typical AFL ones. All patient loops were compared to a reference, by analyzing the global trajectory, pathway complexity and distance to the reference loop. The distance was the most significative parameter, being 0.445 ± 0.135 and 0.799 ± 0.144 for typical and atypical AFL (p = 8.00 e-5). In addition, an intrapatient analysis revealed a higher stability of typical AFL loops than in the case of atypical AFL.
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