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High-porous platinum electrodes for functional electrical stimulation.

Tim Boretius1, Tilman Jurzinsky, Christian Koehler

  • 1Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Boretius@imtek.de

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
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Highly porous platinum electrodes were developed for functional electrical stimulation, showing a 238x increase in porosity and an 85% impedance decrease. These stable electrodes endured over 250 million pulses, enhancing stimulation performance.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Functional electrical stimulation (FES) requires electrodes with high surface area and low impedance for efficient charge transfer.
  • Standard platinum electrodes often lack the necessary porosity and surface characteristics for optimal FES performance.
  • Developing advanced electrode materials is crucial for improving FES device efficacy and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize highly porous platinum electrodes for FES applications.
  • To investigate the impact of electrochemical roughening on electrode porosity and impedance.
  • To evaluate the long-term stability and performance of the developed platinum electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Thin-film platinum electrodes were fabricated.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications
09:35

Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications

Published on: October 4, 2016

Fabrication of Ti3C2 MXene Microelectrode Arrays for In Vivo Neural Recording
09:58

Fabrication of Ti3C2 MXene Microelectrode Arrays for In Vivo Neural Recording

Published on: February 12, 2020

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes
08:32

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

Published on: June 30, 2019

  • Electrochemical deposition of platinum-copper alloys was used to roughen the electrode surface.
  • Copper was subsequently removed via cyclic voltammetry (CV) to create porosity.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), CV, and long-term pulse testing were employed for characterization.

    • Main Results:

    • The prepared platinum electrodes demonstrated a significant increase in porosity, approximately 238-fold compared to standard sputtered platinum electrodes.
    • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a substantial decrease in impedance, around 85%.
    • Long-term pulse testing indicated excellent coating stability, successfully withstanding over 250 million pulses.

    Conclusions:

    • The electrochemical roughening method effectively produces highly porous platinum electrodes with significantly reduced impedance.
    • These novel electrodes offer enhanced performance and stability for functional electrical stimulation applications.
    • The developed platinum electrodes represent a promising advancement for next-generation FES devices.