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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
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Impaired self-awareness in pathological gamblers.

Damien Brevers1, Axel Cleeremans, Antoine Bechara

  • 1Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 4 Place van Gehuchten, Brussels, Belgium. dbrevers@ulb.ac.be

Journal of Gambling Studies
|January 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pathological gamblers show biased metacognition, impairing their self-awareness of decision-making. This contributes to poor performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and disadvantageous wagering strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Self-awareness of decision-making is understudied in addiction.
  • Pathological gambling (PG) is associated with impaired decision-making and insight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between metacognition and poor Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance in pathological gamblers.
  • To assess self-awareness of decision-making using post-decision wagering during the IGT.

Main Methods:

  • Compared pathological gamblers (n=30) with a control group (n=35) on the IGT.
  • Utilized post-decision wagering to measure metacognitive awareness.
  • Controlled for reward/loss sensitivity and dual-tasking abilities.

Main Results:

  • Control group showed implicit learning on the IGT; pathological gamblers did not improve.
  • Pathological gamblers exhibited biased metacognition, over-wagering regardless of deck choice.
  • This bias was linked to increased reward sensitivity, decreased loss sensitivity, and poorer dual-tasking.

Conclusions:

  • Biased metacognition may contribute to impaired decision-making in pathological gamblers.
  • This metacognitive deficit offers a novel way to measure impaired insight in addiction.
  • Findings suggest a potential target for understanding and treating addiction-related deficits.