Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...
Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
The experimenter can then plot the initial reaction rate or velocity (Vo) of a given trial against the substrate concentration ([S]) to obtain a graph of the reaction properties. For many enzymatic reactions involving a...
Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
Induced-fit Model01:13

Induced-fit Model

Most chemical reactions in cells require enzymes—biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being consumed or permanently changed. They reduce the activation energy needed to convert the reactants into products. Enzymes are proteins, that usually work by binding to a substrate—a reactant molecule that they act upon.
Enzymes exhibit substrate specificity, meaning that they can only bind to certain substrates. This is mainly determined by the shape and chemical characteristics of...
Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction to "Monooxygenase Activity of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase".

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Discovery of an Orally Available Potent ER Aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) Inhibitor That Enhances Antitumor Responses and Limits Inflammatory Autoimmunity <i>In Vivo</i>.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Decarboxylation via a Higher Electronic Excited State Drives LSSmOrange Photoconversion.

ACS physical chemistry Au·2026
Same author

Free energy simulations on a biomimetic glucose receptor: understanding the selectivity of GluHUT.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Hydrogen-Bonding Changes Cause Differences in Imipenem Breakdown Activity in OXA-48 Variants.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

Automated Molecular Design in BRADSHAW, Applied to the Optimization of ERAP1 Inhibitors.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same journal

Fluorescent merocyanines: from fundamental properties to applications as molecular probes, in bioimaging and as emissive dye aggregates.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Direct impure water electrolysis at industrial scale.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Catalytic valorization of polyolefins: from catalysts and processes to reactors.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Designing stable π-radicals.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Antibacterial drug discovery: challenges and preclinical promises from synthetic small molecules.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Selective carbon-carbon bond cleavage involving alkene moieties.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Modeling an Enzyme Active Site using Molecular Visualization Freeware
14:37

Modeling an Enzyme Active Site using Molecular Visualization Freeware

Published on: December 25, 2021

A practical guide to modelling enzyme-catalysed reactions.

Richard Lonsdale1, Jeremy N Harvey, Adrian J Mulholland

  • 1Centre for Computational Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.

Chemical Society Reviews
|January 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular modelling and simulation are key to understanding enzyme catalysis and protein design. This review covers common methods and applications, using cytochrome P450 enzymes as an example.

More Related Videos

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
08:01

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Modeling an Enzyme Active Site using Molecular Visualization Freeware
14:37

Modeling an Enzyme Active Site using Molecular Visualization Freeware

Published on: December 25, 2021

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
08:01

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Enzyme catalysis is crucial for biological processes.
  • Understanding enzyme mechanisms aids drug discovery and protein engineering.
  • Molecular modelling offers powerful tools for studying enzymes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review widely used molecular modelling and simulation methods for enzyme catalysis.
  • To highlight successful applications of these methods.
  • To provide practical insights using cytochrome P450 enzymes as a case study.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods.
  • Hybrid approaches combining experimental and computational data.

Main Results:

  • Modelling elucidates enzyme reaction mechanisms.
  • Computational approaches identify determinants of catalytic specificity and efficiency.
  • These methods guide the design of novel enzyme catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular modelling is essential for advancing enzyme mechanism elucidation.
  • Simulation techniques accelerate drug discovery and protein design.
  • Cytochrome P450 enzymes serve as a valuable model system for these studies.