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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells
06:42

Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells

Published on: May 24, 2024

Regulatory T cell migration during an immune response.

Yaozhong Ding1, Jiangnan Xu, Jonathan S Bromberg

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Trends in Immunology
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T (Treg) cells coordinate migration between inflammatory sites and lymph nodes for optimal immune regulation. Transcription factors influence Treg cell function, impacting disease pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial immune cells involved in immune responses.
  • Treg cells are found in both inflammatory sites and draining lymph nodes (LNs), performing distinct and overlapping functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coordinated migration of Treg cells between peripheral tissues and draining LNs.
  • To understand how Treg cell trafficking impacts their immune regulatory activities.
  • To explore the role of T helper (Th) cell master transcription factors in regulating Treg cell function and disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Treg cell migration patterns in immune responses.
  • Investigation of Treg cell functions in inflammatory sites versus draining LNs.
  • Examination of the influence of Th1, Th2, and Th17 transcription factors on Treg cell migration and suppression genes.

Main Results:

  • Treg cell migration between inflammatory sites and draining LNs is a coordinated process, not a simple division of labor.
  • Trafficking is essential for Treg cell function and the acquisition of optimal immune regulatory activities.
  • Master transcription factors of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells regulate genes critical for Treg cell migration and suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Treg cell migration dynamics are vital for effective immune regulation.
  • The interplay between Th cell transcription factors and Treg cell function significantly influences disease pathogenesis.