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Related Concept Videos

Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

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The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
05:36

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

Published on: October 4, 2024

Menorrhagia.

Kirsten Duckitt1, Sally Collins

  • 1Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Campbell River and District General Hospital, Campbell River, Canada.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates medical and surgical treatments for heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia). It found various interventions, including medications and surgical procedures, to manage this common gynecological condition.

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Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Published on: September 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
05:36

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Published on: October 4, 2024

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis
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Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Published on: September 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Menorrhagia significantly impacts women's daily activities and can lead to anemia.
  • Potential causes include prostaglandin disorders, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, and intrauterine device (IUD) use.
  • A significant number of hysterectomies for menorrhagia are performed on uteri without apparent pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of medical treatments for menorrhagia.
  • To systematically review the effects of surgical treatments for menorrhagia.
  • To assess endometrial thinning prior to endometrial destruction for menorrhagia treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of literature up to June 2011.
  • Searched major databases including Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

Main Results:

  • Included 39 systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
  • Evaluated the quality of evidence for various interventions using the GRADE system.
  • Identified information on the effectiveness and safety of numerous treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Information on medical interventions such as combined pills, danazol, etamsylate, gonadorelin analogues, intrauterine progesterone, NSAIDs, and progestogens is presented.
  • Information on surgical interventions including dilatation and curettage, endometrial destruction, and hysterectomy is presented.
  • The review synthesizes evidence on the effectiveness and safety of these menorrhagia treatments.