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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Experimental implementation of the multifunctional compact two-photon state analyzer.

Eva Halenková1, A Černoch, K Lemr

  • 1RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacky University and Institute of Physics of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Applied Optics
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a compact two-photon state analyzer for characterizing quantum states. This device measures spectral properties, indistinguishability, and polarization, enabling full quantum state tomography.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

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Published on: May 30, 2014

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Characterizing two-photon quantum states is crucial for quantum information processing.
  • Existing methods can be complex or limited in scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally implement a compact, multifunctional two-photon state analyzer.
  • To provide comprehensive characterization of two-photon quantum states.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a device operating in two modes: two-photon interference analysis and polarization analysis.
  • Performed complete two-photon state tomography.
  • Tested the device using photon pairs from a Kwiat source.

Main Results:

  • The device successfully analyzed spectral properties and mutual indistinguishability of photons.
  • Achieved complete two-photon state tomography, estimating the density matrix.
  • Revealed quantum state purity and negativity from tomography data.

Conclusions:

  • The implemented multifunctional analyzer is effective for characterizing two-photon states.
  • The device offers a compact solution for detailed quantum state analysis.
  • Experimental validation was demonstrated with entangled photon pairs.