Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

Archimedes-Based Glycerol Displacement for Electrode Porosity Measurement in Lead-Acid Batteries
Published on: April 7, 2026
A multi-point sensor based on optical fiber for the measurement of electrolyte density in lead-acid batteries
Ana M Cao-Paz1, Jorge Marcos-Acevedo, Alfredo del Río-Vázquez
1Department of Electronic Technology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain. amcaopaz@uvigo.es
Abstract:
This article describes a multi-point optical fiber-based sensor for the measurement of electrolyte density in lead-acid batteries. It is known that the battery charging process creates stratification, due to the different densities of sulphuric acid and water. In order to study this process, density measurements should be obtained at different depths. The sensor we describe in this paper, unlike traditional sensors, consists of several measurement points, allowing density measurements at different depths inside the battery. The obtained set of measurements helps in determining the charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) of the battery.
Related Concept Videos
Amperometry: Overview
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Potentiometry: Overview
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods
The chosen potential ensures...

