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A Simon effect for depth in three-dimensional displays.

Jessica Rigon¹, Stefano Massaccesi, Carlo Umiltà

¹I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venezia-Lido, Italy. jessica.rigon@ospedalesancamillo.net

The American Journal of Psychology

|February 14, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Simon effect, a cognitive bias, was found to occur along the depth dimension in 3D displays. This depth Simon effect was consistently observed across experiments, indicating spatial location influences response.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Human-Computer Interaction
Perception

Background:

The Simon effect is a well-documented phenomenon in cognitive psychology.
It typically occurs when stimulus location is irrelevant to the required response.
Previous research has primarily focused on the horizontal dimension.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the occurrence of the Simon effect in the depth dimension.
To determine if perceived spatial location influences responses in 3D environments.
To explore the characteristics of a potential depth Simon effect.

Main Methods:

Experiments involved participants responding to 2D and 3D stimuli presented at near or far locations.
Response keys were also positioned at near and far distances.
Stimulus-response mapping varied across experiments, including manipulation of horizontal and depth dimensions.

Main Results:

A significant depth Simon effect was observed in Experiments 1, 2, and 3, demonstrating that perceived depth influences performance.
The effect was linked to the apparent spatial location of the stimuli.
Distribution analysis in Experiment 3 indicated the Simon effect intensified with longer reaction times.
Experiment 4, which varied horizontal stimulus position and depth response position, yielded no Simon effect.

Conclusions:

The Simon effect extends to the depth dimension in 3D displays.
Perceived spatial location, even when task-irrelevant, impacts response selection.
These findings have implications for the design of immersive and interactive 3D systems.