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High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
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A method for automating 3-dimensional proximal isovelocity surface area measurement.

Frederick C Cobey1, Jennifer A McInnis, Brian J Gelfand

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. fcobey@gmail.com

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

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This study developed an automated 3D method for measuring proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA), improving accuracy in assessing cardiac valve function over traditional 2D techniques.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Echocardiography
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) is crucial for echocardiographic quantification of effective orifice areas in valvular heart disease.
  • Traditional 2D PISA measurements rely on geometric assumptions (hemispheric flow convergence, circular orifice) that are often inaccurate.
  • Accurate assessment of valvular stenosis and regurgitation is vital for patient management.

Observation:

  • The study aimed to develop and validate a 3D method for automated PISA measurement.
  • The actual shape of flow convergence and its temporal changes were investigated.
  • A single-patient retrospective case study undergoing mitral valve replacement was used.

Findings:

  • Automated 3D PISA measurements more accurately approximated the true anatomic orifice area compared to traditional hemispheric or hemi-elliptic methods.

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  • The developed 3D method allows direct and accurate measurement of PISA, bypassing simplistic geometric assumptions.
  • Effective orifice areas calculated using 3D PISA showed closer agreement with planimetric measurements.

    • Implications:

    • Automated 3D PISA analysis is feasible using color Doppler data, offering a more precise tool for valvular heart disease assessment.
    • This advanced technique enhances the accuracy of echocardiographic quantification of effective orifice areas.
    • Considering the dynamic nature of cardiac orifices is essential for comprehensive orifice analysis.