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Published on: June 12, 2020

Multiple task interference is greater in children with ADHD.

Joshua B Ewen1, Jeffrey S Moher, Balaji M Lakshmanan

  • 1Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ewen@kennedykrieger.org

Developmental Neuropsychology
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience greater difficulty multitasking. This study found ADHD children exhibit a prolonged Psychological Refractory Period effect, indicating a cognitive bottleneck during multitasking.

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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Multitasking difficulties are commonly anecdotally reported in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • Experimental data investigating multitasking deficits in ADHD are limited.
  • The Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) effect is a standard measure for cognitive bottlenecks in stimulus-response processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the hypothesis that children with ADHD exhibit impaired multitasking abilities.
  • To quantify the impact of ADHD on cognitive processing during simultaneous task performance using the PRP effect.

Main Methods:

  • The study employed the Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) paradigm to assess dual-task performance.
  • Participants included school-aged children diagnosed with ADHD and a control group of typically developing children.
  • Behavioral data were analyzed to compare the PRP effect between the ADHD and control groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD demonstrated a significantly larger PRP effect compared to control children.
  • This prolonged PRP effect in the ADHD group suggests a more pronounced "bottleneck" in stimulus-response processing.
  • The findings indicate a higher cognitive cost associated with multitasking for children with ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD experience significant challenges with multitasking, as evidenced by an increased PRP effect.
  • The results support the hypothesis of a central processing bottleneck contributing to multitasking deficits in ADHD.
  • This research provides empirical evidence for the cognitive underpinnings of multitasking difficulties in ADHD.