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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction
17:14

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction

Published on: January 26, 2011

Pik1-ing clathrin adaptors.

Yidi Sun1, David G Drubin

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, California 94720-3202, USA.

Nature Cell Biology
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clathrin adaptor proteins like Gga and AP-1 are recruited sequentially to the trans-Golgi network. This process is regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate synthesis, revealing new insights into vesicle biogenesis.

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Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy
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Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy

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Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast
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Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction
17:14

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction

Published on: January 26, 2011

Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy
12:40

Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy

Published on: October 20, 2014

Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast
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Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast

Published on: October 23, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Clathrin adaptor proteins are crucial for forming clathrin-coated vesicles, a key process in intracellular trafficking.
  • The precise mechanisms controlling the recruitment and interaction of these adaptors at the trans-Golgi network are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the sequential recruitment and assembly mechanisms of clathrin adaptors Gga and AP-1 at the trans-Golgi network.
  • To investigate the role of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate synthesis in regulating clathrin coat assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced microscopy techniques to visualize protein recruitment dynamics.
  • Employed biochemical assays to analyze protein interactions and lipid synthesis.
  • Investigated the function of Pik1, a kinase involved in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate production.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that Gga and AP-1 adaptors are recruited in distinct, sequential waves during clathrin coat assembly.
  • Showed that Pik1-mediated synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate is essential for coupling these two waves of adaptor recruitment.
  • Identified a novel regulatory mechanism linking lipid metabolism to clathrin-mediated vesicle formation.

Conclusions:

  • The sequential recruitment of Gga and AP-1 adaptors, orchestrated by Pik1-dependent lipid synthesis, provides a refined model for clathrin coat assembly at the TGN.
  • These findings offer mechanistic insights into the functional coordination and regulation of distinct clathrin adaptor proteins.