Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026
09:03
Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Metabolism
Published on: June 22, 2020
NAD+ as a signaling molecule modulating metabolism
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
|February 21, 2012
Summary
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is crucial for metabolic homeostasis, acting as a cofactor and cosubstrate. Understanding NAD+ levels and distribution is key to controlling cellular adaptations and metabolic health.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Metabolic Regulation
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) functions as a vital metabolic cofactor and a rate-limiting cosubstrate for numerous enzymes.
- Sirtuins, a class of enzymes, critically depend on NAD+ availability.
- NAD+ levels play a central role in regulating whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the significance of NAD+ levels in metabolic homeostasis.
- To understand the role of NAD+ bioavailability and compartmentalization.
- To elucidate how NAD+ functions as a metabolic readout and triggers cellular adaptations.
Main Methods:
- Not specified in the abstract.
Main Results:
- Not specified in the abstract.
Conclusions:
- NAD+ is pivotal for metabolic homeostasis.
- Understanding NAD+ bioavailability and compartmentalization is essential.
- NAD+ acts as both a readout of metabolic state and an effector of cellular adaptation.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Regulation of Metabolism
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
01:27Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (except those supplying the sweat glands) releasing noradrenaline or norepinephrine are called noradrenergic or adrenergic neurons. Noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, or epinephrine are collectively called "catecholamines" as they contain a catechol moiety and an amine side chain. The five stages of neurotransmitter release involve their synthesis, storage, release, reuptake and metabolism.
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which is taken...
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which is taken...
01:28Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
01:27Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
01:28Global Regulatory Systems
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
01:45Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...