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Rh Blood Group

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Prevalence and Incidence

Prevalence and Incidence

In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Prediction of Red Blood Cell Antibody Significance Using the Monocyte-Macrophage Assay

Prediction of Red Blood Cell Antibody Significance Using the Monocyte-Macrophage Assay

Published on: February 7, 2025

Prevalence of RHDDOL and RHCEce(818T) in two populations.

C Halter Hipsky¹, D C da Costa, R Omoto

¹Laboratory of Immunochemistry, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Immunohematology

|February 24, 2012

Summary

The RHCE*ceBI allele, encoding the STEM antigen, is rare in African descent populations in the US and Brazil. Its presence is often linked with RHD*DOL alleles, important for blood transfusion compatibility.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Prediction of Red Blood Cell Antibody Significance Using the Monocyte-Macrophage Assay

Prediction of Red Blood Cell Antibody Significance Using the Monocyte-Macrophage Assay

Published on: February 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Genetics
Immunology
Hematology

Background:

The RHCE*ceBI and RHCE*ceSM alleles encode the low-prevalence Rh antigen STEM.
These alleles are often found in cis with RHD*DOL, a significant factor in blood transfusion practices.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the frequency of RHCE*ceBI and RHCE*ceSM alleles, particularly in relation to RHD*DOL.
To investigate the prevalence of these specific Rh alleles in populations of African descent in the United States and Brazil.

Main Methods:

Analysis of DNA from over 700 blood samples from sickle cell disease patients and blood donors of African descent.
Standard DNA extraction and analysis techniques were employed.

Main Results:

In the US, the frequency of RHCE*818T (RHCE*ceBI) was 0.007 (2/290), with one sample positive for RHD*DOL and another for RHD*DOL-2.
In Brazil, the frequency of RHCE*818T was 0.004 (2/515).
No RHD*DOL or RHD/RHD*DOL-2 alleles were found without RHCE*ce(818T) in over 500 additional tested samples.

Conclusions:

The RHCE*818T allele (RHCE*ceBI) is infrequent in the studied populations of African descent.
The co-occurrence of RHCE*818T with RHD*DOL alleles highlights potential complexities in blood group genotyping and transfusion compatibility.