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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

Published on: June 23, 2014

Should we be screening for anti-Js(a)?

Nancy M Nikolis¹, Fouad Boctor, William Andrew Heaton

¹Transfusion Service and Donor Services, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.

Immunohematology

|February 24, 2012

Summary

The anti-Js(a) antibody may be missed in 30-40% of patients. Current red blood cell (RBC) screening methods may not detect Js(a) when it is the only antibody present.

Area of Science:

Transfusion Medicine
Immunology
Hematology

Background:

The Js(a) antigen is a significant red blood cell (RBC) antigen.
Alloantibodies to RBC antigens can cause transfusion reactions.
Current screening methods may not detect all clinically significant antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the frequency of anti-Js(a) alloantibodies in a patient database.
To evaluate the detection rate of anti-Js(a) when present alone or with other antibodies.
To assess the need for Js(a) inclusion in routine antibody screening.

Main Methods:

Analysis of a historic patient database from North Shore University Hospital.
Review of alloantibody screening results, focusing on anti-Js(a).

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Calculation of the frequency of anti-Js(a) and its co-occurrence with other antibodies.

Main Results:

Anti-Js(a) was not detected in 30-40% of patients when it was the sole antibody.
Since 1996, anti-Js(a) has only been detected in conjunction with other antibodies.
Approximately 1.7% of patients (90 patients/year) are exposed to the Js(a) antigen.

Conclusions:

Current antibody screening methods may fail to detect anti-Js(a) as a sole antibody.
The clinical significance of anti-Js(a) warrants further investigation.
Additional studies are needed to determine if Js(a) should be incorporated into antibody screening cells.