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Analysis of letter name knowledge using Rasch measurement.

Ryan P Bowles1, Lori E Skibbe, Laura M Justice

  • 1Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. bowlesr@msu.edu

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Letter name knowledge (LNK) is crucial for reading. This study found that assessment format and knowing letters in one's own name significantly impact LNK measurement, challenging its unidimensional view.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Educational measurement
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Letter name knowledge (LNK) is a critical predictor of reading ability, emphasized in educational policy.
  • Previous research often assumes LNK is a unidimensional construct, with all letters equally important.
  • Emerging evidence suggests contextual factors may influence LNK measurement accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of assessment format and the own-name advantage on Letter Name Knowledge (LNK) measurement.
  • To determine if LNK meets Rasch measurement requirements when accounting for contextual factors.
  • To explore the implications for measuring constrained skills with limited assessment content.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of responses from 909 children on LNK measures.
  • Application of the Rasch model and its extensions.
  • Inclusion of two contextual factors: assessment format and the own-name advantage.

Main Results:

  • Both assessment format and the own-name advantage significantly impact LNK measurement.
  • Letter name knowledge (LNK) does not meet Rasch measurement requirements, even after accounting for these factors.
  • Findings highlight measurement challenges for skills with restricted assessment scope.

Conclusions:

  • LNK measurement is influenced by contextual factors, questioning its unidimensional nature.
  • The Rasch model's assumptions are not fully met for LNK assessment in this study.
  • Philosophical considerations arise regarding the measurement of constrained skills in educational settings.