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Related Concept Videos

Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...
Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a program...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Production and Use of Lentivirus to Selectively Transduce Primary Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells for In Vitro Myelination Assays
10:00

Production and Use of Lentivirus to Selectively Transduce Primary Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells for In Vitro Myelination Assays

Published on: January 12, 2015

Vimentin regulates peripheral nerve myelination.

Daniela Triolo1, Giorgia Dina, Carla Taveggia

  • 1Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|February 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vimentin, an intermediate filament, negatively regulates myelination. Loss of vimentin causes peripheral nerve hypermyelination by increasing axonal neuregulin 1 (NRG1) type III levels.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Production and Use of Lentivirus to Selectively Transduce Primary Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells for In Vitro Myelination Assays
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Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons
09:46

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons

Published on: November 21, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Myelination is crucial for nerve function, involving complex Schwann cell-axon interactions.
  • Both positive and negative regulators of myelination, originating from Schwann cells or neurons, are known.
  • Vimentin, a cytoskeletal intermediate filament, is expressed in Schwann cells and neurons during development and regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of vimentin in the regulation of myelination.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which vimentin influences myelin formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transgenic mice lacking vimentin (vimentin-null) and in vitro myelinating co-culture systems.
  • Assessed myelin thickness and expression levels of axonal neuregulin 1 (NRG1) type III.
  • Generated double heterozygous Vim/TACE mice to study synergistic effects.

Main Results:

  • Loss of vimentin led to peripheral nerve hypermyelination, characterized by increased myelin thickness.
  • Vimentin deficiency resulted in a neuron-autonomous increase in axonal NRG1 type III levels.
  • Genetic reduction of NRG1 type III rescued the hypermyelination phenotype in vimentin-null mice.
  • Vimentin acts synergistically with TACE, a negative regulator of NRG1 type III activity.

Conclusions:

  • Vimentin acts as a novel negative regulator of myelination.
  • Vimentin influences myelination by modulating axonal NRG1 type III levels and activity.
  • These findings reveal a new mechanism controlling myelin thickness and nerve function.