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RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Updated: May 24, 2026

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

Published on: July 28, 2017

Photoinduced RNA interference.

Yuka Matsushita-Ishiodori¹, Takashi Ohtsuki

¹Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University, Japan.

Accounts of Chemical Research

|February 25, 2012

Summary

Photoinduced RNA interference (RNAi) uses light to control gene silencing. New methods like caged siRNAs, photochemical internalization, and gold nanoparticles offer precise spatial and temporal control for research and therapies.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Nanotechnology

Background:

RNA interference (RNAi) is crucial for gene function studies and developing therapies.
Challenges in RNAi include target specificity and spatiotemporal control.
Photochemistry offers solutions for precise control of RNA release and gene silencing.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in photoinduced RNAi technologies.
To highlight methods utilizing photocleavable protecting groups, photosensitizers, and gold nanoparticles.
To discuss the potential of light-controlled RNAi in biological research and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

Caged short interfering RNA (siRNA) with photocleavable protecting groups.
Photochemical internalization (PCI) using photosensitizers and light to enhance siRNA delivery.

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RNAi Interference by dsRNA Injection into Drosophila Embryos

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Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects

Published on: May 4, 2018

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

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Published on: July 28, 2017

RNAi Interference by dsRNA Injection into Drosophila Embryos

RNAi Interference by dsRNA Injection into Drosophila Embryos

Published on: April 11, 2011

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects

Published on: May 4, 2018

CLIP-RNAi with photosensitizing carrier proteins for light-dependent RNAi.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated to siRNA for light-triggered release.

Main Results:

Caged siRNAs show reduced activity but can be photoactivated.
PCI enhances endosomal escape of siRNAs, improving gene silencing.
CLIP-RNAi and AuNP-siRNA conjugates offer precise, light-dependent RNAi control.
AuNPs facilitate deep tissue penetration with near-infrared light.

Conclusions:

Photoinduced RNAi provides enhanced spatial and temporal control over gene silencing.
These light-activated techniques hold significant promise for cellular biology and targeted therapies.
Further development is expected to expand applications in gene function discovery and drug delivery.