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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis
04:30

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis

Published on: May 14, 2013

Drug eluting stents: developments and current status.

Wahid Khan1, Shady Farah, Abraham J Domb

  • 1Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|February 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-eluting stents (DES) evolved from bare-metal stents (BMS) to address restenosis. Newer DES generations offer improved safety and efficacy for coronary artery disease management.

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Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents
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Published on: October 26, 2016

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis
04:30

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis

Published on: May 14, 2013

Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents
06:55

Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents

Published on: October 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular medicine
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Interventional cardiology

Background:

  • Coronary stenting, initially with bare-metal stents (BMS), revolutionized coronary artery disease management.
  • BMS faced challenges with in-stent restenosis (ISR) and stent thrombosis, despite antiplatelet therapy.
  • Drug-eluting stents (DES) were developed to overcome the significant problem of restenosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of coronary stents from BMS to DES.
  • To highlight the advancements in DES technology addressing restenosis and thrombosis.
  • To discuss ongoing research focused on long-term safety and efficacy of coronary stents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development and clinical outcomes of BMS and DES.
  • Analysis of first-generation (sirolimus, paclitaxel) and second-generation (everolimus, zotarolimus) DES.
  • Examination of ongoing research trends in stent technology.

Main Results:

  • First-generation DES effectively addressed restenosis compared to BMS.
  • Second-generation DES demonstrated lower rates of stent thrombosis.
  • Current research aims to further enhance long-term safety and efficacy of DES.

Conclusions:

  • Coronary stent technology has significantly advanced, with DES offering improved outcomes over BMS.
  • Continuous innovation in DES aims to minimize adverse events like restenosis and thrombosis.
  • Future research prioritizes maximizing the long-term clinical benefits of coronary stenting.