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A validity study of four empathy instruments.

J M Layton1, M H Wykle

  • 1Department of Nursing, California State University, San Bernardino 92407-2397.

Research in Nursing & Health
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Registered nurses demonstrated higher empathy scores than nursing assistants, validating construct validity for empathy measures. Some empathy scales showed significant positive correlations, supporting their interrelationship.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Nursing

Background:

  • Empathy is crucial in healthcare, yet its measurement requires validation.
  • Understanding differences in empathy between healthcare professionals is important for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the construct validity of four distinct empathy instruments.
  • To compare empathy levels between registered nurses (RNs) and nursing assistants (NAs).
  • To examine the interrelationships among different empathy measures.

Main Methods:

  • Administered four empathy instruments: Empathy Test, Carkhuff Scale, Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, and Empathy Construct Rating Scale (ECRS).
  • Compared scores between 18 RNs and 32 NAs.
  • Analyzed correlations between the empathy measures.

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Main Results:

  • RNs scored significantly higher than NAs across all empathy measures (p < .0003 to p < .027).
  • The Carkhuff scale correlated with the ECRS (r = .25, p < .05).
  • The ECRS and Barrett-Lennard scales showed a strong correlation (r = .78, p < .001).

Conclusions:

  • The study confirmed higher empathy in RNs compared to NAs.
  • Partial support was found for the positive relationship between different empathy measures.
  • Results align with Barrett-Lennard's theory of empathy, supporting the validity of the instruments used.