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Related Concept Videos

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Absolute Quantitation of Inositol Pyrophosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
09:22

Absolute Quantitation of Inositol Pyrophosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: August 13, 2021

Cell signalling by inositol pyrophosphates.

Adolfo Saiardi1

  • 1MRC-LMCB, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK, dmcbado@ucl.ac.uk.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|March 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Inositol pyrophosphates are dynamic molecules crucial for cell function. These compounds, involved in energy transfer and protein modification, regulate diverse cellular processes, highlighting their biological significance.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Inositol serves as a versatile molecular scaffold, enabling diverse structures through phosphorylation.
  • Diphospho inositol polyphosphates, or inositol pyrophosphates, are present in all eukaryotic cells.
  • These molecules feature a high-energy diphospho- bond critical for cellular signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the metabolic dynamics and conserved enzymatic machinery of inositol pyrophosphates.
  • To investigate the diverse cellular functions regulated by inositol pyrophosphates.
  • To understand the role of the high-energy diphospho- bond in cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Metabolic pathway analysis of inositol pyrophosphates.
  • Enzyme conservation studies across eukaryotic species.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates
10:34

Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates

Published on: September 3, 2011

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
08:07

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Absolute Quantitation of Inositol Pyrophosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
09:22

Absolute Quantitation of Inositol Pyrophosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: August 13, 2021

Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates
10:34

Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates

Published on: September 3, 2011

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
08:07

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 26, 2019

  • Functional assays investigating cellular processes influenced by inositol pyrophosphates.

    • Main Results:

    • Inositol pyrophosphates are dynamically metabolized by evolutionarily conserved enzymes.
    • The high-energy diphospho- bond facilitates phosphotransfer reactions, including protein pyrophosphorylation.
    • Inositol pyrophosphates regulate key cellular functions such as intracellular trafficking, apoptosis, and insulin secretion.

    Conclusions:

    • Inositol pyrophosphates are essential regulators of a wide array of cellular functions.
    • Their unique chemical properties and dynamic metabolism underscore their importance in eukaryotic cell biology.
    • Further research into inositol pyrophosphates promises insights into fundamental biological processes.