Related Concept Videos
01:19Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
01:19Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
01:26Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
01:29Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
01:22Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
01:27Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry
A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
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Features of semiplanotron surface plasma sources.
1Muons, Inc., Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA. vadim@muonsinc.com
The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 3, 2012
Summary
Semiplanotron surface plasma sources (SPS) with cesiation enhance negative ion beam production. Modern designs achieve high efficiency, with versions for DC operation and heavy ion generation.
Area of Science:
- Plasma Physics
- Ion Beam Technology
- Surface Science
Background:
- Surface plasma sources (SPS) are crucial for generating negative ion beams.
- Cesiation in SPS enhances the efficiency of negative ion production.
- Semiplanotron designs have evolved significantly over time.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development and features of semiplanotron surface plasma sources (SPS) with cesiation.
- To analyze design variations, including geometric focusing, for improved performance.
- To discuss modifications for direct current (DC) operation and heavy negative ion generation.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical and modern semiplanotron designs.
- Analysis of geometric focusing principles (cylindrical and spherical).
Main Results:
- Semiplanotron SPS with cesiation demonstrate high efficiency in negative ion beam production.
- Specific designs achieve efficiencies up to 0.1 A of H(-) per kW of discharge power.
- Modifications enable continuous wave (CW) operation and production of heavy negative ions.
Conclusions:
- Semiplanotron SPS with cesiation represent a mature technology for efficient negative ion generation.
- Design advancements have led to significant improvements in performance and versatility.
- Further modifications cater to specialized applications, including DC operation and heavy ion beams.