Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026

Advances in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy to Explore Multiphase Polymeric Systems
Published on: June 23, 2023
Parallel factor (PARAFAC) kernel analysis of temperature- and composition-dependent NMR spectra of poly(lactic acid)
Hideyuki Shinzawa1, Masakazu Nishida, Wataru Kanematsu
1Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan. h-shinzawa@aist.go.jp
Abstract:
The parallel factor (PARAFAC) kernel matrix to analyze a sample system stimulated by more than one type of perturbation is described. PARAFAC kernel is a quantitative representation of the synchronicity and asynchronicity observed within the PARAFAC score matrices generated by carrying out two-dimensional (2D) correlation analyses. Thus, kernel matrix representation provides more intuitively understandable interpretation to the conventional PARAFAC trilinear model. In this study, the utility of PARAFAC kernel is demonstrated by the study of poly(lactic acid)-nanocomposite undergoing a structural change depending on the temperature as well as the clay content in the sample. Seemingly complicated variation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra induced by the change in the temperature and clay content are readily analyzed by the multiple-perturbation 2D correlation spectroscopy and PARAFAC kernel. PARAFAC kernel revealed that crystalline and amorphous structures of the PLA substantially undergo thermal deformation, and these variations are also influenced by the presence of the clay.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution
Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers II
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I

