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Self-Esteem and Culture

Self-esteem, a core psychological construct, is intricately shaped by cultural context and varies significantly between collectivist and individualistic societies. In collectivist cultures such as Japan, self-esteem tends to be flexible, context-sensitive, and influenced by relationships. A Japanese student, for instance, may show restraint in formal settings like school but behave more openly among close friends, reflecting the flexible and dynamic nature of self-concept in such...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Essential competencies for program evaluators in a diverse cultural context.

Yi-Fang Lee1, James W Altschuld, Lung-Sheng Lee

  • 1National Taiwan Normal University, 162 HePing East Road Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan. yifanglee2@yahoo.com.tw

Evaluation and Program Planning
|March 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential evaluator competencies were tested in Taiwan. While most fit, unique competencies emerged, impacting the professionalization of evaluation in the region.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Evaluation Theory
  • Cross-Cultural Studies
  • Professionalization of Evaluation

Background:

  • Essential evaluator competencies were previously identified by Stevahn, King, Ghere, and Minnema (2005).
  • The generalizability of these competencies to diverse cultural contexts, specifically Taiwan, remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the applicability of established evaluator competencies within an Asian (Taiwan) context.
  • To identify any unique competencies relevant to evaluation practice in Taiwan.
  • To inform the professionalization of evaluation in Taiwan.

Main Methods:

  • A fuzzy Delphi survey methodology was employed.
  • Two iterative rounds of data collection were conducted.
  • Data were gathered from a panel of 12 experts in evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Most previously identified evaluator competencies were found to be applicable in the Taiwanese context.
  • Several unique competencies, specific to the Taiwanese evaluation landscape, were identified.
  • The findings provide a detailed set of results regarding competency generalizability.

Conclusions:

  • Established evaluator competencies largely generalize to Taiwan, but cultural nuances necessitate unique additions.
  • The identified unique competencies are crucial for advancing the professionalization of evaluation in Taiwan.
  • These findings offer significant implications for evaluation training and practice in Taiwan.