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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
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Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

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Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly
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Published on: November 4, 2021

Phase separation and rotor self-assembly in active particle suspensions.

J Schwarz-Linek1, C Valeriani, A Cacciuto

  • 1Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Active colloids, unlike passive ones, require stronger attraction to phase separate. Instead, they form rotating micro-rotors, demonstrating self-assembly of functional structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Active matter physics
  • Colloidal science

Background:

  • Nonadsorbing polymers induce attraction in passive colloids via depletion, leading to phase separation at high concentrations.
  • Active colloids, such as motile bacteria, introduce novel dynamics into colloidal mixtures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of active colloids on phase separation and aggregate formation in polymer-colloid mixtures.
  • To demonstrate the self-assembly of functional structures, specifically rotating micro-rotors, using active particles.

Main Methods:

  • Combines experimental studies, theoretical modeling, and computational simulations.
  • Analyzes the effects of varying polymer concentrations and interparticle attractions.
  • Investigates the dynamics and scaling of self-assembled aggregates.

Main Results:

  • Active colloids significantly alter mixture physics, requiring stronger interparticle attraction for phase separation.
  • Finite-sized aggregates exhibit unidirectional rotation, functioning as micro-rotors.
  • The angular speed of rotating clusters scales inversely with their size.

Conclusions:

  • Active particle systems suppress traditional phase separation compared to passive systems.
  • Self-assembly of functional rotating structures is a generic feature of aggregating swimmers.
  • These findings have implications for both biological and synthetic active particle systems.