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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...

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Optical Control of a Neuronal Protein Using a Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acid in Neurons
08:20

Optical Control of a Neuronal Protein Using a Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acid in Neurons

Published on: March 28, 2016

DNA-controlled excitonic switches.

Elton Graugnard1, Donald L Kellis, Hieu Bui

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA. EltonGraugnard@BoiseState.edu

Nano Letters
|March 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed DNA-controlled switches for nanoscale information processing using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). These switches dynamically control exciton flow, enabling potential for complex Boolean logic circuits.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Engineering

Background:

  • Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) offers potential for nanoscale information processing.
  • Dynamic control over exciton pathways is crucial for developing functional nanoscale devices.
  • Current FRET systems lack efficient mechanisms for dynamic pathway control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate novel DNA-controlled switches for dynamic exciton pathway management in FRET systems.
  • To enable information processing capabilities in nanoscale devices through controlled FRET.
  • To establish a foundation for networked FRET switches capable of implementing Boolean functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusive FRET transmission lines incorporating DNA for exciton flow control.
  • Implemented repeatable switching via the removal and addition of fluorophores.
  • Employed toehold-mediated strand invasion for precise molecular manipulation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the successful operation of two complementary DNA-controlled FRET switches.
  • Achieved repeatable control over exciton pathways through DNA-mediated fluorophore dynamics.
  • Validated the principle of dynamic switching for nanoscale information processing.

Conclusions:

  • DNA-based control of FRET provides a viable mechanism for dynamic exciton pathway management.
  • The developed switches can be networked to implement complex Boolean logic functions.
  • This work advances the development of programmable nanoscale information processing systems.