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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
Published on: March 1, 2019
Transcription control by long non-coding RNAs
Tyler Faust1, Alan Frankel, Iván D'Orso
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Transcription
|March 15, 2012
Summary
Non-coding RNAs regulate cellular processes and gene expression. These RNA molecules are targeted to promoters to control transcription cycles, expanding the genome's functional repertoire.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their regulatory functions.
- Genomic tools reveal ncRNAs play crucial roles in transcriptional programs.
- The functional genetic repertoire is expanded by these RNA molecules.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the mechanisms of non-coding RNA targeting to promoters.
- To explain how ncRNAs operate at specific points in the transcription cycle.
- To highlight the precise control of gene expression by ncRNAs.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on non-coding RNA targeting.
- Analysis of genomic data identifying ncRNA-promoter interactions.
- Examination of the transcription cycle and ncRNA involvement.
Main Results:
- ncRNAs are demonstrably targeted to specific promoter regions.
- ncRNAs function at distinct stages of the transcription cycle.
- Precise gene expression control is achieved through these regulatory ncRNAs.
Conclusions:
- Non-coding RNAs are key regulators of gene expression.
- Targeting to promoters and specific transcription cycle points are critical mechanisms.
- ncRNAs significantly expand the functional capacity of the genome.
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01:23Types of RNA
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...