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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Demonstration of the DNA Fiber Assay for Investigating DNA Damage and Repair Dynamics Induced by Nanoparticles
13:09

Demonstration of the DNA Fiber Assay for Investigating DNA Damage and Repair Dynamics Induced by Nanoparticles

Published on: March 3, 2023

Replication fork dynamics and the DNA damage response.

Rebecca M Jones1, Eva Petermann

  • 1School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

The Biochemical Journal
|March 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA-damage-response pathways are crucial for maintaining genomic stability by controlling DNA replication dynamics during S-phase. These pathways prevent DNA damage, ensuring cell survival and preventing developmental defects or cancer.

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Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay
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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Published on: April 29, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Demonstration of the DNA Fiber Assay for Investigating DNA Damage and Repair Dynamics Induced by Nanoparticles
13:09

Demonstration of the DNA Fiber Assay for Investigating DNA Damage and Repair Dynamics Induced by Nanoparticles

Published on: March 3, 2023

Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay
10:32

Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay

Published on: February 3, 2022

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA damage prevention and repair are vital for genomic stability and cell survival.
  • Replication stress during S-phase can cause DNA damage.
  • DNA-damage-response (DDR) pathways actively modulate DNA replication to prevent damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms by which DDR pathways control and promote replication dynamics in vertebrate cells.
  • To highlight the role of DDR in preventing DNA damage during S-phase.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on DDR pathways and DNA replication.
  • Focuses on mechanisms regulating replication initiation, fork stabilization, restart, and progression.

Main Results:

  • DDR pathways regulate replication initiation to prevent fork stalling.
  • They stabilize stalled replication forks and promote their restart.
  • DDR facilitates fork progression on challenging DNA templates.

Conclusions:

  • DDR pathways are essential for maintaining replication fidelity and genomic stability.
  • Dysfunction in DDR pathways can lead to developmental defects and cancer predisposition.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to addressing diseases linked to genomic instability.