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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Updated: May 24, 2026

Highly Resolved Intravital Striped-illumination Microscopy of Germinal Centers

Highly Resolved Intravital Striped-illumination Microscopy of Germinal Centers

Published on: April 9, 2014

Superresolution four-wave mixing microscopy.

Hyunmin Kim¹, Garnett W Bryant, Stephan J Stranick

¹National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.

|March 16, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a superresolution microscope achieving 130 nm resolution, surpassing the diffraction limit. This advanced imaging technique provides materials- and chemical- specific contrast for enhanced scientific discovery.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Super-resolution Imaging of the Bacterial Division Machinery

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Published on: January 21, 2013

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Microscopy
Materials Science

Background:

Conventional optical microscopes are limited by the diffraction limit.
Achieving sub-diffraction resolution while maintaining chemical specificity is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a superresolution microscope utilizing four-wave mixing.
To enhance spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit.
To retain materials- and chemical- specific contrast.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a Toraldo-style pupil phase filter.
Leveraging the multiplicative nature of four-wave mixing.
Focusing on narrowing the microscope's excitation volume in the focal plane.

Main Results:

Achieved a spatial resolution of approximately 130 nm.
Exceeded twice the diffraction limit at 800 nm wavelength.
Demonstrated the capability for materials- and chemical- specific contrast imaging.

Conclusions:

The developed superresolution four-wave mixing microscope offers unprecedented spatial resolution.
This technique overcomes the diffraction limit for advanced optical imaging.
Enables detailed chemical and material analysis at the nanoscale.